La mujer cosificada.
Bertrand Bonello nos aproxima en
su última película -Sección Oficial del Festival de Cannes el año pasado-, a
una “casa de tolerancia”, un espacio dedicado a la fina prostitución ubicado
en París a finales del XIX, en un limbo
entre uno y otro siglo. En esa brecha temporal es donde el director de De la guerre (2008) narra de forma
dispersa, rompiendo la linealidad tradicional, las vidas de una serie de
prostitutas encerradas en ese mundo del que prácticamente no salen a lo largo
de la película. Sus vidas, dividas entre la luz blanca del día, cuando descansan,
juegan y comen, y el rojo de la noche, en las que entregan sus cuerpos,
consisten en ponerse sus máscaras y satisfacer a sus dueños protegidas por un
cierto aire de indolencia que les sirve como escudo ante el miedo a creer en el
amor, que en este contexto supondría creer que algún cliente quisiera pagar sus
deudas para poder escapar quizá a otra realidad no menos penosa. Cada personaje
apenas tiene una historia que contar, solo trazos, fugaces y fantasmales
imágenes que se nos van presentando pero que nunca terminan o siquiera
comienzan. Tampoco estamos ante una película coral en el sentido tradicional,
porque aquí no hay verdadera unión, ni sus voces se unen para decirnos algo en concreto,
salvo el dolor escondido que recorre sus vidas. La única prostituta que tiene
una historia y al mismo tiempo un deseo, es la que saldrá peor parada,
Madeleine. En ella el soñar se ha convertido en una pesadilla que la hará
consciente del lugar en el que realmente se encuentra. Uno de los clientes
mutilará su rostro creando una sonrisa artificial al cortar brutalmente las
comisuras de su boca, atrocidad que le relegará del resto, convirtiéndola en un
monstruo que será reclamado por clientes cada vez más perversos, quienes la
exhibirán como un objeto único. Se produce así la auténtica cosificación de la
prostituta. Al perder su propio sentido, la belleza, la mujer mutilada pasa
otra categoría social. Su máscara es ya su propio rostro y su deformación su
mayor atractivo. Esa sonrisa eterna y grotesca, es la metáfora perfecta
respecto a lo que sucede en ese prostíbulo de lujo. Mantener la apariencia de
satisfacción, de deseo hacia el que paga, da igual cual sea su condición,
físico o moralidad. Pero esa apariencia no se puede separar de su ser, ya es
ella. Su gesto no tiene vuelta atrás, ha quedado petrificado en su rostro.
Bonello filma
ese espacio como si se tratara de una casa de muñecas rodeada por ventanas que
ellas no pueden ver pero por las que nosotros sí podemos observar. Esta idea,
tiene su equivalente visual en la utilización de la pantalla partida, recurso
que nos permite ver distintas acciones al mismo tiempo y así convertirnos
decididamente en voyeurs incómodos
que siempre observan desde el exterior. Esta simultaneidad nos convierte en
vigilantes con el poder de acceder a cualquier cuarto o a cualquier intimidad,
igual que la Madame de la casa, que
ve a través de los espejos el quehacer de sus chicas. Sin embargo, nunca
estamos realmente en el centro de las acciones. No somos los clientes y tampoco
las prostitutas, simplemente miramos desde fuera, a partir de la distancia que
el director ha creado. Esa casa de tolerancia es un mundo clausurado y perdido
que vive continuamente en el tiempo, que parece no haber dejado de existir,
como si ellas fueran fantasmas atrapadas en su propia condena. El final de la
película, que nos lleva hasta el presente y a la prostitución actual, más que
ser una comparativa banal, sirve para indicarnos que esas vidas y esos cuerpos
de algún modo continúan estando en aquella casa en un tiempo suspendido. De
aquí es de donde nace el lado terrorífico de la L’Apollonide. Bonello, confeso admirador del cine de horror, crea
una atmósfera contradictoria y justamente más opresora por esta contradicción.
Primero, mediante los suaves movimientos de cámara, el exquisito trabajo de la
luz, las referencias pictóricas y esos bellos cuerpos desnudos que se exhiben
pero que tampoco se muestran en su trabajo -una brutalidad obviada a favor de
la cuidada forma-, crea un ambiente sensual. Después, mediante una banda sonora
inquietante, que evidencia la desesperanza reinante entre las mujeres del
burdel, y la sordidez de un espacio trasformado tras el velo de la belleza en
un infierno rojo, descubrimos que nos hallamos en un mundo sin escapatoria. Los
cuerpos de las prostitutas dejan de ser atractivos y deseables. A diferencia
del Saló (1975) de Pasolini, donde el
director italiano nos mostraba mediante una forma cruda y distante, un experimento
político ideado por un grupo de personajes abyectos que humillaban y
satisfacían sus deseos, buscando con ello no solo hacer una crítica al fascismo
sino especialmente al capitalismo y la sociedad de consumo de los años setenta
en Europa, la película de Bonello opta por un filme histórico perfectamente
contextualizado gracias a la estética de los burdeles de la época. En Pasolini
había una equivalencia en forma y contenido: la crudeza. Bonello crea un
espacio bello y sensual para ocultar un negocio sórdido. Así, se produce un
contraste entre la apariencia y lo que hay detrás, entre el esplendor de los
cuerpos y las enfermedades que los corroían, entre esas paredes de terciopelo y
la madera carcomida que las sostiene, entre la búsqueda del amor por parte de
los clientes y el vacío de aquellas almas anuladas por la repetición del gesto.
Un mundo ritualizado que define una época de belleza caduca preludio de un
siglo, el siglo XX, que se caracterizará por la muerte industrializada.
Madeleine, la judía, se convertirá en tan solo unas décadas más tarde en un cuerpo
consumado. La cosificación llegará entonces a su más alto grado.
DANIEL V. VILLAMEDIANA
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